Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How does a teacher decide when to use more intrusive
(adult-directed) instructional strategies with a student in an inclusive
classroom setting?
A: This decision should be based on data collected over time that compare
the number of correct or appropriate responses from a student in a specific
setting with the number of response opportunities provided. Lack of
progress could be reflective of inadequate response opportunities. In
such a case, the teacher may consider altering the environment to create
additional social opportunities or alternate modes for responding within
classroom routines. If, on the other hand, response opportunities seem
adequate, lack of progress may indicate the need for a more direct instructional
strategy, (i.e., differential reinforcement, naturalistic procedures,
response prompting.)
Q: I thought only applied behavior analysts
used discrete trial instruction. Who should be trained to implement
direct instruction strategies?
A: Although many of the strategies outlined in this lesson are associated
with the field of applied behavior analysis, they are sound educational
practices and should be part of every teacher’s repertoire. Parents,
therapists, paraeducators, and support staff working with children with
special needs, including ASD, should also be trained to effectively
implement these strategies.
Q: What percent of a student’s academic
day should be spent in direct instruction?
A: This is a decision of the student’s IEP team based on assessment
and observation data of how the student learns. Questions include:Does
the student demonstrate acquisition, generalization, and/or maintenance
of skills in large -or small -group settings? When and where is the
student able to respond independently? Remember, research suggests that
less adult direction and greater opportunity for child-initiated behavior
are generally associated with increased generalization of learned skills
across settings, with different materials and people. The optimal instructional
methodology for a student is one that uses the least intrusive approach
to elicit successful performance with different settings, materials,
and people.
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